Investigation of diagnostic value of artificial intelligence systems in the diagnosis of breast cancer based on histopathological images using Meta-MUMS DTA tool

ORIGINAL ARTICLES Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health - 2020, Volume 17, Number 2Investigation of diagnostic value of artificial intelligence systems in the diagnosis of breast cancer based on histopathological images using Meta-MUMS DTA toolInvestigation of diagnostic value of artificialintelligence systems in the diagnosis of breastcancer based on histopathological imagesusing Meta-MUMS DTA toolABSTRACTBackground: Various artificial intelligence systems are available for diagnosing breast cancer based onhistopathological images. Assessing the performance of existing methodologies for breast cancer diagnosis is vital.Methods: The SCOPUS database has been searched for studies up to December 15, 2018. We extracted the data,including "true positive," "true negative," "false positive," and "false negative". The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity,positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, area under the curve of summary receiveroperating characteristic curve were useful in assessing the diagnostic accuracy. Egger's test, Deeks' funnel plot, SVE(Smoothed Variance regression model based on Egger’s test), SVT (Smoothed Variance regression model based onThompson’s method), and trim and fill methodologies were essential tests for publication bias identification.Results: Three studies with eight approaches from thirty-seven articles were found eligible for further analysis. Asensitivity of 0.95, a specificity of 0.78, a PLR of 7525, an NLR of 0.06, a DOR of 88.15, and an AUC of 0.953showed high significant heterogeneity; however, the reason was not the threshold effect. The publication bias wasdetected by SVE, SVT, and trim and fill analysis.Conclusion: The artificial intelligent (AI) systems play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of breast cancer usinghistopathological cell images and are important decision-makers for pathologists. The analyses revealed that theoverall accuracy of AI systems is promising for breast cancer; however, the pooled specificity is lower than pooledsensitivity. Moreover, the approval of the results awaits conducting randomized clinical trials with sufficient dat

Screening of salt stress in the overexpressed type of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. for the identification of significant hub genes using a systems biology approach

Worldwide, it is known that abiotic and biotic stresses can affect the production of crops by a declining trend. To control the situation, SnRK2 (a subfamily 2 of SNF1-related protein kinase) overexpression levels can induce salt tolerance. This study used a dataset for 2 types of Arabidopsis thaliana including the wild and PtSnRK2.7 overexpressed in mock and salt conditions to compare and identify the salt stress-responsive genes. A computational systems biology approach was employed to identify the differentially expressed genes and determine their mechanisms in terms of molecular functionalities, cellular components, KEGG enrichment pathways and plant ontology analyses. The results indicate that the 15 genes identified for PtSnRK2.7 overexpressed type in mock against salt conditions were upregulated (AT1G19180 and AT2G23150 were downregulated) and related to various environmental stresses. Furthermore, 8 out of 15 identified genes were downregulated for the wild type exposed to salt stress and the rest were upregulated. And, the only upregulated gene found differentially expressed between wild and overexpressed types in salt stress conditions was AT4G15110. In contrast, the other two AT1G15010 and AT4G19430 were downregulated and involved in transient stress and inactivation of chloroplast, respectively. Taken together, it has been shown that A. thaliana PtSnRK2.7 overexpressed type can resist salt stress. Finally, more experimental studies and computational systems biology methodologies are needed to reveal and confirm the responsive gene for salt stress in A. thaliana

A meta-analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the psychological consequences of COVID-19

Abstract Background Several meta-analysis studies have been reported in the literature on the incidence of psychopathological conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation aims to compile and analyze the findings of previously published meta-analysis research, as shown by the present meta-analysis of previous meta-analysis studies. Methods The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from 1 January 2019 to 30 May 2022. The procedure was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the qualities of the identified studies were analyzed using AMSTAR 2. Heterogeneities and risk of bias were assessed using the Meta-MUMS tool. The corresponding results, forest and funnel plots of the psychological consequences of COVID-19 were synthesized. Results Eleven meta-analysis studies were included. Random-effects meta-analysis of anxiety and depression showed (ER = 0.318 p-value < 0.001, ER = 0.295 p-value < 0.001) high heterogeneities (I2 = 99.70%, I2 = 99.75) between studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of sleep difficulties and insomnia were shown (ER = 0.347 p-value < 0.001, ER = 0.265, p-value < 0.001) along with heterogeneities (I2 = 99.89, I2 = 99.64). According to the random meta-analysis of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (ER = 0.246, p-value = 0.001, ER = 0.223 p-value < 0.001) with heterogeneities (I2 = 99.75, I2 = 99.17). Random-effects meta-analyses of somatic and fear symptoms have been shown (ER = 0.16 p-value < 0.001, ER = 0.41, p-value = 0.089) with high heterogeneities (I2 = 99.62, I2 = 98.63). Random-effects meta-analysis of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and distress (ER = 0.297 p-value = 0.103; ER = 0.428, p-value = 0.013) with high heterogeneity, as I2 = 99.38%. Subgroup analysis of all symptoms and Egger's tests for detecting publication bias were also assessed. Conclusion The data from the current meta-analysis showed different psychological disorders of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Clinicians should be aware of the prevalence with which COVID-19-infected patients experience emotional distress, anxiety, fatigue, and PTSD. About half of the included systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) suffered from poorer methodological quality and increased risk of bias, reducing confidence in the findings. There must be more SRs/MAs and high-quality clinical trials conducted to confirm these findings

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave compared to ureteroscopic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral stones

المخلص: أهداف البحث: في هذه المراجعة النظامية والتحليل الشامل، سعى المؤلفون لمعرفة أي من الإجراءات، تفتيت الحصى بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم أو تفتيت الحصى بالمنظار البولي، هو الأكثر ملاءمة لعلاج حصى الحالب. طرق البحث: تم إجراء الدراسة الحالية والبحث في قواعد بيانات جوجل سكولار وبوب ميد باستخدام إرشادات بريزما. تم النظر في إجراءات تفتيت الحصى بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم مقابل تفتيت الحصى بالمنظار البولي لتحقيق النتائج. قمنا بتقييم مضاعفات كل طريقة، البول الدموي، التمزق، الفشل، إزالة الحصى، توقف الحصى في البداية، وقت العملية، حجم الحصى، الإجراء المساعد، والنتائج الشاملة لتوقف الحصى. تم إجراء التحليل الشامل واختبار التباين وتحليل المجموعة الفرعية والانحدار الميتا وتحليلات الحساسية واختبارات إيجر وإيجر ذو التباين الملساء وتومسون ذو التباين الملساء للكشف عن تحيز النشر لجميع النتائج من الإجراءين.النتائج:حسب عشر دراسات مؤهلة، تم إجراء تحليل شامل لبيانات 1509 مرضى. تم علاج 677 مريضا باستخدام تقنية الصدمات الكهربائية خارج الجسم لتفتيت الحصوات ، وتم علاج الباقي (عدد = 832) باستخدام إجراء تفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار البولي. كانت النتائج على النحو التالي: المضاعفات (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.780 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.269 ، ك = 13.465 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.062، اي2 = 48.011). معدل نسبة الدم في البول (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.782 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.657 ، ك = 19.056 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.001 ، اي2 = 79.01) ، الثقب (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.13 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.003 ، ك = 0.159 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.997 ، اي2 = 0) ، فشل العلاج (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.329 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.369 ، ك = 22.659 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 77.934) ، نسبة تفتيت الحصوات (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.699 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.374 ، ك = 24.957 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 75.959) ، ونسبة الحصوات الحرة بشكل عام (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.428 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.005 ، ك = 21.462 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.011 ، اي2 = 58.066) ، وزمن العملية الجراحية (الانحراف المعياري الموحد = -29.314 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، ك = 827.872 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 99.758) ، وحجم الحصوات (الانحراف المعياري الموحد = -0.723 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.04 ، ك = 261.353 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، اي2 = 96.939) ، والنسبة المبدئية للحصوات الحرة (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.236 ، قيمة الاحتمال <0.001 ، ك = 7.446 ، قيمة الاحتمال <= 0.059 ، اي2 = 59.712) ، والإجراءات البولية الإضافية (معدل الأخطار النسبية = 0.996 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.991 ، ك = 0.816 ، قيمة الاحتمال = 0.665 ، اي2 = 0). الاستنتاجات: أشارت هذه الدراسة إلى أن عمليات تفتيت الحصوات بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم وتفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار ضرورية في علاج حصوات الحالب، على الرغم من أن معدل التثقيب أعلى في تفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار مقارنة بإجراءات تفتيت الحصوات بالموجات الصدمية خارج الجسم. في الواقع، تعد المعدلات الإجمالية الخالية من الحصوات أفضل في إجراء تفتيت الحصوات بالمنظار. Abstract: Objectives: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to identify whether extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) or ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) is the most appropriate method for treating ureteral stones. Methods: We identified relevant literature by searching the Google Scholar and PubMed databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We focused on the outcomes of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy. For each method, we compared complications, hematuria, perforation, failure, stone clearance, initial stone-free, operating time, stone size, auxiliary procedures, and overall stone-free outcomes. Our analysis involved meta-analysis, heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, meta-regression sensitivity analyses, Egger's tests, Smoothed Variance Egger's (SVE) testing, and Smoothed Variance Thomson (SVT) testing. In addition, we detected publication bias for all outcomes related to the two procedures. Results: Based on ten eligible studies, we conducted a meta-analysis on a total of 1509 patients. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was used to treat 677 patients; the remaining 832 patients were treated by the ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedure. Considering the meta-analysis statistical parameters including odds ratio (OR), standardized mean difference (SMD), Q, I2 and their p-values, the overall stone-free, operating time, stone size outcomes were identified with significant OR, SMD, and Q values. The hematuria, failure, and stone clearance outcomes were determined to have significant Q values. The perforation and initial stone free outcomes had significant OR values. And, complications and auxiliary urinary procedures were not significant in terms of OR and Q values. Conclusions: Analysis indicated that ESWL and URSL procedures are essential for the treatment of ureteral stones, even though the perforation rate is higher for URSL than for ESWL. Overall stone-free rates were better for the URSL procedure

Multi-vesicular pulmonary hydatid cyst, the potent underestimated factor in the formation of daughter cysts of pulmonary hydatid disease

Pulmonary multi-vesicular hydatid disease (HD) with Echinococcus granulosus is rare. A 28-year-old woman presented to our center with cough and respiratory distress. Chest x-ray and computerized tomography scan revealed bilateral giant cysts with water-lily sign (ruptured hydatid cysts). The left cyst was in vicinity of heart. With thoracotomy cysts of both lungs were removed. Thousands of translucent, homogenized small daughter cysts were discovered from the left side cyst. Pathologic examinations revealed the ruptured hydatid cysts of both lungs with daughter cysts on the left lung cyst. To best of our knowledge probably this is the first report of multi-vesicular HD in lung. We suppose that the heart pulsation was effective in the formation of daughter cysts

6D-QSAR for predicting biological activity of human aldose reductase inhibitors using quasar receptor surface modeling

Abstract The application of QSAR analysis dates back a half-century ago and is currently continuously employed in any rational drug design. The multi-dimensional QSAR modeling can be a promising tool for researchers to develop reliable predictive QSAR models for designing novel compounds. In the present work, we studied inhibitors of human aldose reductase (AR) to generate multi-dimensional QSAR models using 3D- and 6D-QSAR methods. For this purpose, Pentacle and Quasar’s programs were used to produce the QSAR models using corresponding dissociation constant (Kd) values. By inspecting the performance metrics of the generated models, we achieved similar results with comparable internal validation statistics. However, considering the externally validated values, 6D-QSAR models provide significantly better prediction of endpoint values. The obtained results suggest that the higher the dimension of the QSAR model, the higher the performance of the generated model. However, more studies are required to verify these outcomes

Synergistic effects of flavonoids and paclitaxel in cancer treatment: a systematic review

Abstract Paclitaxel is a natural anticancer compound with minimal toxicity, the capacity to stabilize microtubules, and high efficiency that has remained the standard of treatment alongside platinum-based therapy as a remedy for a variety of different malignancies. In contrast, polyphenols such as flavonoids are also efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and have now been shown to possess potent anticancer properties. Therefore, the synergistic effects of paclitaxel and flavonoids against cancer will be of interest. In this review, we use a Boolean query to comprehensively search the well-known Scopus database for literature research taking the advantage of paclitaxel and flavonoids simultaneously while treating various types of cancer. After retrieving and reviewing the intended investigations based on the input keywords, the anticancer mechanisms of flavonoids and paclitaxel and their synergistic effects on different targets raging from cell lines to animal models are discussed in terms of the corresponding involved signaling transduction. Most studies demonstrated that these signaling pathways will induce apoptotic / pro-apoptotic proteins, which in turn may activate several caspases leading to apoptosis. Finally, it can be concluded that the results of this review may be beneficial in serving as a theoretical foundation and reference for future studies of paclitaxel synthesis, anticancer processes, and clinical applications involving different clinical trials

Methods and algorithms for molecular docking-based drug design and discovery

The role of technology in the medical field has resulted in significant developments within the pharmaceutical industry. Computational approaches have emerged as a crucial method in further advancing drug design and development.Methods and Algorithms for Molecular Docking-Based Drug Design and Discovery presents emerging research on the application of computer-assisted design methods for drugs, emphasizing the benefits and improvements that molecular docking has caused within the pharmaceutical industry. Focusing on validation methods, search algorithms, and scoring functions, this book is a pivotal resource for professionals, researchers, students, and practitioners in the field of theoretical and computational chemistry.xix, 456 pages : illustrations ; 29 c